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Loss of teeth is a common experience for many aging adults. When caring for your aging parent, it is important to understand how your parent's hormone levels may adversely impact the integrity of oral health, especially involving the progression of tooth loss and loss of dental implants.
Edentulousness refers to the oral complication of progressive tooth loss and is most commonly associated with aging. If your parent is losing teeth rather quickly, the dentist or oral surgeon may recommend a treatment known as osseointegrated implants. While these implants can serve to improve bone integrity, and thereby promote the use of dentures or preserve existing teeth, there are complications that may even make this type of procedure impossible to consider.
For aging women, estrogen deficiency can lead to poor bone density. As a result, your aging mother may experience a complication involving an increase in bone turnover. This increase in bone turnover, especially for women with a history of edentulous, can lead to an even greater progression of tooth loss. When you begin to notice edentulousness in your aging parent, therefore, it is important to not only seek attention from an oral surgeon or dentist but to also address hormone effects and depletions, especially in women and that involving estrogen deficiency.
Often, even before the loss of traditional bone density occurs, elder men and women who experience edentulousness are placed on treatments that are generally reserved for complications of osteoporosis. Even when osteoporosis is not readily a complication, the loss of teeth can be adversely influenced when osteoporosis sets in and, as a result, preventive healthcare may be recommended.
In addition to aging in both men and women, women who have undergone early gynecological surgery, such as that involving removal of the ovaries, may be at-risk for developing edentulousness, losing teeth at a very young age and soon after surgery occurs. The basis, again, by which the condition develops is related to the sudden loss of estrogen and, ultimately, loss of bone density and slowed progression of bone resorption.
Whether you are experiencing loss of teeth, or you are caring for a parent with a sudden loss of teeth, it is important to seek dental services immediately. In addition to dental care and options for bone and tooth replacement, ask your doctor about the issues that may be affected by abnormal hormonal levels, including the development of osteoporosis. Upon implementing the treatments and preventions for osteoporosis, you can ultimately slow the progress of edentulousness in the long term.
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Many American women are prescribed estrogen to combat the negative effects of menopause, such as bone loss and mood swings. Now, new evidence from a Tel Aviv University study suggests that hormone replacement therapy might also protect them ― and younger women ― from schizophrenia as well.
Prof. Ina Weiner of Tel Aviv University's Department of Psychology and her doctoral student Michal Arad have reported findings suggesting that restoring normal levels of estrogen may work as a protective agent in menopausal women vulnerable to schizophrenia. Their work, based on an animal model of menopausal psychosis, was recently reported in the journal Psychopharmacology.
“We've known for some time that when the level of estrogen is low, vulnerability to psychotic symptoms increases and anti-psychotic drugs are less likely to work. Now, our pre-clinical findings show why this might be happening,” says Prof. Weiner.
A hormonal treatment to address a behavioral condition
In their study, Weiner and Arad removed the ovaries of female rats to induce menopause-like low levels of estrogen and showed that this led to schizophrenia-like behavior. The researchers then tried to eliminate this abnormal behavior with an estrogen replacement treatment or with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol. Estrogen replacement therapy effectively alleviated schizophrenia-like behavior but haloperidol had no effect on its own. Haloperidol regained its effect in these rats when supplemented by estrogen.
“When the level of estrogen was low, we could see psychotic-like behavior in the animals. Moreover, the sensitivity to psychosis-inducing drugs went up, while the sensitivity to anti-psychotic drugs went down,” Prof. Weiner says. This is exactly what we observe in women with low estrogen levels,” she says. “But we also found that estrogen, all by itself, combats psychosis in both male and female rats.” Furthermore, in low amounts estrogen increases the effectiveness of anti-psychotic drugs.
Prof. Weiner points out that the medical community is hotly debating the pros and cons of estrogen replacement as an add-on to conventional treatment in schizophrenia. Detractors point to higher chances of cervical cancer and heart attacks in those who receive estrogen supplements. But according to her study, which looked at very specific factors possibly related to schizophrenia, estrogen replacement therapy could have positive behavioral effects, she concludes.
Assessing the possibility for prevention
During the course of a woman's lifetime, estrogen levels do not remain constant. During her reproductive years, these levels are affected by the menstrual cycle. There are also dramatic changes in the levels of estrogen just after a woman gives birth ― a change, which can trigger “post-partum blues”, and in extreme cases lead to clinical depression and psychosis.
As a preventative therapy, estrogen could be given to women at certain points in time when they are most at risk for schizophrenia, Prof. Weiner suggests: in their mid-twenties and later during the menopausal years.
“Antipsychotic drugs are less effective during low periods of estrogen in the body, after birth and in menopause,” says Prof. Weiner. “Our research links schizophrenia and its treatment to estrogen levels. Men seem less likely to begin schizophrenia after their 40s, which also suggests that estrogen is the culprit.”
Prof. Weiner is continuing her research.
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Send an email to Kat Hannaford, the author of this post, at khannaford@gizmodo.com.
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